Diabetics should take Vitamin C regularly — say, 1000 mg to 4000 mg a day not only to activate their insulin, but to prevent infections to which they are particularly prone.

The undoubted advantages of many drugs are offset by their toxic properties. Vitamin C has long been known to detoxify the poisonous side-effects of various drugs and to improve their curative properties.

Ascorbic acid is an effective antidote to strychinne. It is little-used now in medicine, but overdoses do occur as poisons for people and animals. Prompt intravenous injec­tion of large doses of sodium ascorbate have been found to act as an effective antidote. It is calculated that 7 grams would save a small animal while 70 grams diluted in 200 ml of distilled water would save the life of an average sized adult.

Any harmful side-effects of digitalis can also be pre­vented by moderate doses of Vitamin C. I always prescribe them together.

The side effects of sulfa drugs and anti-biotics can be altogether prevented — and, indeed, their efficacy en­hanced if doses of Vitamin C match each dose of the anti­biotic drug. This is routine treatment with many doctors.

Analgesics such as aspirin are so popular and widely used that they are sold in unrestricted amounts over the counter. Their long-term toxic effects are now being realised by Health Authorities and there is a move to restrict their indiscriminate sale.

However, aspirin itself is prescribed on a long term basis for rheumatism and specially rheumatoid arthritis. In detoxifying aspirin, ascorbic acid is used up. It is caculated that each aspirin tablet destroys 25 mg of the vitamin.

Those who take aspirin for whatever reason should realise this, and make up the loss by an appropriate sup­plement of Vitamin C — over and above their normal needs. Say a person takes 4 aspirin (or equivalent) tablets a day. She should take an extra 100 mg of C or 2 or 3 oranges to get the best out of her aspirin, as well as nullifying its side effects. ■

A patient prescribed 12 tablets a day (as I was at one time) needs at least 300 extra milligrams of Vitamin C a day for good measure plus another 500 mg to keep the tissues in positive C balance, say, 1000 mg.

Sedatives and tranquilizers are much like the painkillers or analgesics, but can readily become addictive, especially the barbiturates; so that sudden cessation can give marked withdrawal symptoms. Large doses of Vitamin C can help to alleviate these.

Drugs of addiction such as morphia, heroin, cocaine and hallucinogens, and, indeed, anything that will give a ‘fix’, a ‘kick’ or a ‘flash’ are very widely consumed today by young and old.. Withdrawal symptoms from the narcotics cause a great deal of distress till another dose allays their painful symptoms; so that overcoming the addiction is practically impossible without outside help or some other drug to counteract the first narcotic.

Methadone has been the drug of choice so far in both U.S.A. and Australia. However, methadone itself is almost as addictive as morphia and heroin, though the withdrawal symptoms are less persistent.

Overdose (OD) of narcotics, barbiturates or other psychedelic drugs are not uncommon and it is difficult to ascertain what is the offending drug when the patient is unconscious. A universal antidote is needed that is not in itself toxic or addictive.

Dr Irwin Stone and Dr Alfred Libby believe that in Vitamin C or its salt sodium ascorbate they have found such a substance. They have presented a paper to the Inter­national Academy of Preventive Medicine July convention, 1977

The following is a resume of their experiences in their own words.

‘A lack of protein with symptoms of kwashiorkor, the protein deficiency disease, was found so persistently in these heroin addicts that they treated it as part of the addic­tive condition.

‘The full orthomolecular correction of this syndrome yields very remarkable salutary changes in the addicts.

‘They can eliminate the heroin or methadone intake without experiencing withdrawal symptoms, they lose their desire for the drug, and should they take a “fix” it is im­mediately detoxified and produces no “high”.

‘The orthomolecular treatment regimen is simple and non-toxic; may be administered orally, contains no narcotic drugs, is inexpensive and requires no hospitalisation.

‘It comprises administration of 25 to 75 or more grams of sodium ascorbate per day plus large doses of vitamins, essential minerals and amino acid supplements.

‘After several days, appetite returns and they eat vor­aciously, they also have restful sleep. After about six days, the dosages are gradually reduced to holding dose levels (about 10 grams sodium ascorbate a day) and the ex-addict is now ready for rehabilitation or psychotherapy programs.

‘This procedure seems to be an ideal substitute for the ill-conceived, ineffective and expensive Methadone Prog­rammes now being used.

‘Besides saving the taxpayers a lot of money, it should go far in reducing the crime rate, as the addict can now quit addiction painlessly and with little effort.

‘In drug over-dosage (OD), sodium ascorbate is an effective and rapid lifesaving measure.

‘If the OD is comatose, 30 to 50 grams of sodium ascorbate should be given intravenously.

‘Conscious ODs that swallow and retain food can be given 50 grams of sodium ascorbate dissolved in a glass of milk.

‘This procedure is non-specific and works on drugs other than heroin or morphine, so it is not necessary to waste time in identifying the narcotic’.

From Australia comes this report from the Sunday Observer Melbourne 5/3/78.

‘A Melbourne drug addict claims he has been cured of his heroin habit by a course of sodium ascorbate (Vitamin C).

‘The man, who has been mainlining (injecting) drugs for three years, was the first person in Melbourne to try controversial treatment discovered by Dr Glen Dettman and Dr Archie Kalokerinos.

‘Both doctors have been trying to have sodium ascor­bate recognised as a treatment for a large range of problems including alcoholism, cot deaths, cancer, hepatitis and drug addiction.

‘The addict, who would only be named as Peter, said he had been a drug pusher in Melbourne and feared for his life if he was identified.

‘He said he had pushed drugs to support his heroin habit, which cost up to $300 a day at its peak.

‘Peter contacted Dr Glen Dettmann at his Melbourne office following a Sunday Observer article just before Christ­mas.

‘Dr Dettmann, a pathologist, referred him to Dr Archie Kalokerinos in Sydney for treatment.

“I tried sodium ascorbate for a couple of days and didn’t notice any difference, so I gave up the treatment,” said Peter.

“Then several weeks ago a group of friends got hold of me and locked me in a room so I couldn’t get any heroin. All I had was the sodium ascorbate.

“I was put on an intravenous drip feed for some time, and then was taking 60 to 70 grams a day orally.

“I haven’t felt so good in years. The physical need for heroin is gone, but I still think about it on occasions.

“That’s no great problem. I’m determined to get my­self back on the right track and this stuff has really done it for me”.’

It is hoped that other drug referral and treatment centres will follow this harmless and hopeful line of therapy. It, of course, requires medical supervision.

Dr Archie Kalokerinos has found that alcoholics who are ‘dead drunk’ or in the violent stages of alcoholism can be sobered up rapidly with large doses 30 to 40 grams of sodium ascorbate given intravenously in 200 ml of normal saline solution.

He tells me that at the Redfern Medical Clinic, largely attended by aboriginals, he can control the most violent behaviour in this way. The effects of the intravenous injec­tion are rapid. Some are completely sober in 20 minutes; others go off into a deep anaesthetic-like sleep for Vi hour to

2 or 3 hours, and wake completely sober. There are no side effects.

However, the ascorbate treatment does not make the true alcoholic want to stop drinking. Once sober he may still go back to the pub and get full again.

The ascorbate injections are of the greatest value in quickly restoring the drunk to normal and in preventing the results of violent behaviour.

Results for sobering up drunk-drivers could be most encouraging and save many accidents.
*23/21/7*
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No one has yet alleviated the heartbreaking mystery of Cot Deaths — the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, commonly referred to as SIDS.

Every possible cause has been considered and re­searched but though many have fitted some cases, in others no similar signs have been found. And still they happen — and are, indeed, the most frequent cause of death in infants under one year. At least 600 a year in Australia.

No common factor has been found applicable to all cases.

So many apparently healthy babies are just found dead in their cots before anyone can save them or indeed even realize they are at risk.

I say apparently healthy; there may be merely a sniffle, irritability, a sore ear, a slight cough or a few loose motions — a few bruises on the arms or legs — nothing to make a fuss about or call a doctor; or they may have been recently immunized against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough.

Dr Archie Kalokerinos saw these deaths actually hap­pening mostly among aboriginal babies in his practice in the far western town of Collarenabri in New South Wales. Their mothers brought them to his hospital with some trivial ailment or just because they were not thriving or not eating well. So many of them went into shock and died before his eyes that there was a practically 50 per cent mortality, as his book ‘Every Second Child’ describes.

No antibiotics or methods of resuscitation succeeded in saving them.

It is important to realize that none of these infants was ill enough to cause concern. Death, or shock followed by death, came before any senior professional help could be obtained.

‘Autopsies’, wrote Dr Kalokerinos in the Nurses Journal dated March 1978 ‘did not reveal anything to explain these deaths. In many cases there were some changes in the lungs, suggestive of pneumonitis, but I knew that this was not sufficient to explain why an infant should die. However, I did observe changes in the livers in many cases. There were mottling-pale yellowish areas surrounded by areas of red­ness. Various pathologists have told me that this was due to post-mortem changes, but I had seen too many autopsies on infants who had been killed in accidents and I knew this was not so. In order to settle the question I performed autopsies on infants immediately after death (within a few minutes). The livers almost always demonstrated the mottling’.

In desperation, ‘Rather than wait until an infant was dead or in a shocked condition’, he writes, ‘I decided to send the next infant presenting with a history of repeated ill­nesses and a tender liver to a senior colleague for an opin­ion.

‘I selected Dr Douglas Harbison, of Tamworth, 353 km away. The infant arrived without any serious problems and Douglas was left to do a little head scratching. There were, in fact, very few clinical signs. The infant was irritable — but they all were! Perhaps it was this that made Douglas think of sub-clinical scurvy (he does not know why to this day). So the infant received an injection of 100 mg of Vitamin C. Recovery was dramatic’.

Though Dr Kalokerinos did not realize it at the time, this was the first breakthrough in saving an infant from a typical cot death with Vitamin C — injected, not waiting for slow absorption from the bowel.

But Archie, now disillusioned with medicine, went away to Central Australia and thought about it. There he saw how the aboriginals lived and ate. Their diets were almost totally deficient in Vitamin C.

‘Maybe’, he reasoned, ‘when the infants became ill they needed more Vitamin C. Maybe they could not absorb the vitamin from food in such circumstances. Maybe, that was why the infant sent to Tamworth had survived — the injec­tion of Vitamin C had bi-passed the intestines. Maybe if I gave injections of the vitamin instead of just giving it in food there would be an end to the deaths.

‘Too many maybes — maybe? But I decided to try it out. In December, 1967 I returned to Collarenabri and the practice of medicine.

‘First I found that I could reverse the shock stage by administering Vitamin C by injection. The doses used at first were 100 mg repeated after an hour or so. However, I soon found that this was not always enough, and doses were increased to 1000 mg or more. It soon became obvious that the infant sent to Tamworth years before had been lucky — 100 mg may not have been enough.

‘Then I found that I could stop infants from entering into the shock stage by administering Vitamin C by injection when they were ill and by giving large doses routinely by mouth to every infant. These doses were hundreds of times larger than the daily recommended allowances. I gave 1000 mg to an infant one year old instead of the recommended dose of between 5 mg and 20 mg.

‘There were no more deaths. No more SIDS, no more deaths for 10 years from illnesses in infants under my care. Surely this is a record!’

Archie then noticed that any severe stress, such as sedatives, an anaesthetic, immunisation injections or teeth­ing, were sufficient to so deplete the little bodies of Vitamin C that they could become victims of’ sub-clinical’ scurvy and at risk of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

Any infant subject to these stresses, as well as infec­tions, needs extra Vitamin C — many times more than the Recommended Daily Allowance of 5 mg to 20 mg. Consid­ering how devoid of C are the usual formulae and baby foods — especially on keeping in the ‘fridge for several hours (personally tested by Dr Dettman) — and much more than is given by conscientious mothers in a few ounces of orange juice or even controlled doses of the Vitamin C rich preparations especially designed for babies. These are good, but not strong enough for a baby ‘at risk’.

Dr Glen Dettman, a pathologist of Oakleigh Laboratories, Melbourne, then joined Dr Kalokerinos at Collarenabri and together they tested with C-Stix the foods available to aboriginals and used by the white population of the district. Usually they were woefully deficient in Vitamin C. Even the breast milk of the mothers was deficient in the vitamin because they themselves had little in their own diet.

A scientific expedition was sent from the Common­wealth Health Department and from Hoffman-la-Roche to Collarenabri to test the conditions and they reported the same findings of a gross Vitamin C deficiency, particularly among aboriginal families, in the district. A definite case of scurvy was indeed found in one of the fully breast fed infants.

Drs Dettman and Kalokerinos have continued to study the Vitamin C status of infants and others in many situa­tions both in individuals and institutions and to report their findings, which consistently confirm their central theory that deficiency of Vitamin C — sub-clinical scurvy — is the one common factor in the SIDS.

Factor X, the instigating cause, may be anything from infection to immunisation that sets off the syndrome. They are particularly concerned by the frequent reactions of babies to triple antigen and to other vaccines given without first testing whether the infant has sufficient Vitamin C in his body to produce an immune response in his blood. Otherwise he may show a sharp reaction to the vaccine, or be thrown into a state of shock.

They believe that all babies and young children should have enough Vitamin C in their bodies to spill over into the urine — a sure sign that there is at least 1 mg per 100 grams in their blood. That when a baby is ‘off color’, irritable, teething, sniffling and particularly when he has to meet the stress of an immunisation needle, his urine should be tested with a C-Stix — a simple matter of a few seconds — to make sure of his Vitamin C status .

It is well recognized that babies who have any infection should not be immunized; in fact, a warning is issued in the instructions enclosed in every triple antigen pack. This should be meticulously heeded by every doctor giving their shots to 3-6 month old babies; and mass immunisation programmes, as has often been done in aboriginal groups should not be undertaken without first ascertaining the health and Vitamin C condition (or status) of each child.

Dr Kalokerinos had a unique opportunity in the iso­lated community of aboriginal families at Collarenabri of observing their diets closely and correlating them with their actual Vitamin C status when the babies were brought to his hospital. Until Vitamin C was used all orthodox methods failed to reduce one of the highest infant mortality rates in Australia. With the introduction of adequate amounts of Vitamin C the situation was dramatically reversed with the death rate dropping to zero.

The conclusions reached by Drs Kalokerinos and Dettman are corroborated by two eminent doctors in U.S.A. with long experience of SIDS. Dr Irwin Stone of U.S.A. in a letter to Dr Dettman writes —

‘You might be interested to learn that in two autopsies, I was able to ascertain the urinary spill over of ascorbate measured by the simple C-Stix test. In both instances it was zero, indicating that infantile scurvy contributed largely to their deaths.

‘I also persuaded SIDS researchers at Stanford Uni­versity to test the urine of their high SIDS risk babies who are on monitoring equipment while they sleep. These were also all zero. Some of these children have 20 to 30 crises a night and their parents are up all night watching them. Don’t you think that under these circumstances their medi­cal attendants would try and give the kids a couple of grams of harmless ascorbate just to see if the crises could be avoided?’

Perhaps on cot deaths the most pertinent of the state­ments I have read are those made by Dr F. Klenner of the U.S.A. and I quote part of his paper herewith —

‘In 1948, I published my first paper in the use of massive doses of Vitamin C in treating virus pathology. By February, 1960, some 25 scientific papers later, I realized that every head cold must be considered as a probable source of brain pathology. Many have died, especially chil­dren, following the sudden development of cerebral manifestations secondary to even slight head and/or chest cold. These insidious cerebral happenings are responsible for the so called crib deaths attributed to suffocation. These infants and children who have been put to bed apparently well, except for an insignificant nasal congestion, will demonstrate bilateral pneumonitis at autopsy. Adequate Vitamin C, taken daily will eliminate this syndrome’.

Dr Kalokerinos has had more first hand experience in observing — and saving — more infants with SIDS than anyone in Australia. With his consent I quote here his summary of the sudden Infant Death Syndrome with his advice for its prevention and treatment.

Apparently healthy infants found dead. A trivial or minor illness — found dead. Either 1 or 2, then sudden collapse, shock, failure to respond to resuscitation — death. Pattern 3 where resuscitation is entirely (near miss) or partially (residual brain damage) successful. Sudden death or shock followed by death during the course of a moderate or severe illness not explain­able by toxaemia.

According to pattern of death

1. Nothing, or virtually nothing abnormal.

2. ‘Pneumonitis’ or something trivial.

3. Most likely some lung changes due to respiratory or cardiac collapse. May find petechial haemorrhages.

4. No death, no autopsy.

5. The findings of the illness with the addition of those in pattern 3 where shock preceded death.

In addition there may be liver changes demonstrable before death by liver tenderness, liver pain (grunting respi­rations) and at autopsy by ‘mottling’ — yellowish patches surrounded by reddish patches, somewhat like patchy, partial acute yellow atrophy.

It was first found that the shock stage could be reversed by the intramuscular or intravenous injec­tion of large doses of ascorbate (up to 1000 mg of sodium ascorbate for a 3 month old infant, more for an older child).

2. It was then found that the routine administration of large amounts of ascorbate by mouth (1000 mg a day for an infant of one year) for all infants and the use of the intramuscular and intravenous route when infants were ill stopped the shock phase from occurring and stopped all SIDS over a period of 10 years.

Is a sudden deficiency of ascorbate and this can occur even if the diet contains so-called ‘adequate’ amounts because of increased utilization. Any stress, any infection and immuni­zation causes increased utilization.

Antenatally

Proper antenatal nutrition, stop smoking, drinking, pollution,  no  food  additives,  adequate  rest,  ensure adequate amounts of ascorbate. Immediately after birth

Immediate breast feeding to ensure colonization of the gut with lactic acid bacilli instead of colon bacilli (E.Coli). During infancy

Continue attention to mother’ diet, vitamin supple­ments, test breast milk for ascorbate levels; test babies urinary excretion of ascorbate; attend to infant’s environ­ment; beware of orally administered antibiotics and iron; supplement infants with large amounts of ascorbate; be­ware of immunizations. Dangers of drugs and sedatives

When ascorbate is deficient, sedatives, anaesthetics and drugs can have, on some cerebral centres, enhanced actions leading to collapse and death.
*22/21/7*
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When your child falls over or knocks himself against something, the skin may become bruised. Bruising is very common in children, especially over the area of their shins, due to the rough and tumble nature of their play. Bruising is due to bleeding into the skin from blood vessels which have been damaged. Any bruising which cannot be explained by the normal activities of children, should be looked at by your doctor. Certain patterns of bruising may be found in children with a bleeding tendency, although it must be emphasised that this is rare.

Treatment

Ice packs applied to the bruise immediately for 10 minutes can help to ease the bruising and the pain. Bruises take 7-10 days to disappear, changing colour as they heal.

CALLUSES

Calluses are areas of hard skin, caused by thickening of the layers due to prolonged pressure or rubbing. They commonly appear on the hands or the feet and are not painful. They actually provide a protective layer, and occur commonly in children who run around barefoot. No treatment is necessary. If you wish to soften the callus, wet it and pare it down with a pumice stone which you can buy from the chemist. Occasionally cracks or splits appear over callused areas. These should be softened by rubbing with sorbolene with 10% glycerol cream which is available from any chemist. Exposure to the air can aid rapid healing. If cracks persist or are painful, consult your doctor.

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Water safety

This is the peak age for drownings. Children must be constantly supervised around water. If you have a swimming pool, make sure there is a Standards-approved between your house and the neighbours’ house are secure. Never leave your child alone in the bath, even for a moment. Do not rely on older children to supervise a toddler. Check the environment to make sure there are no pools of water; young children can drown in water only a few centimetres deep. Nappy buckets pose particular dangers when children are learning to walk.

Scalds

Toddlers are very much at risk for scalds, especially from cups of tea or coffee, but also in the bath or by pulling at tablecloths, the cords of electrical appliances, or knocking over saucepans or buckets containing hot liquids. Do not nurse or cuddle your toddler if you are holding a hot drink.

Burns

Make sure that there is effective sun protection when the child goes outside to play. Hats, long sleeves and blockout creams are the order of the day. A young child’s skin is very sensitive, and severe sunburn can occur even on an overcast day. Be careful of open fires, radiators and barbecues, and keep matches and cigarette lighters out of reach.

Falls

Toddlers love to climb, and may use chairs or tables to explore wardrobes or high shelves. Secure furniture such as bookshelves and dressers which can be toppled over. Put safety catches on windows.

Cuts and lacerations

Keep knives and scissors out of reach, and pad sharp edges of tables and bookshelves.

Choking

Make sure the child sits while eating. Do not give him peanuts, as they are easily inhaled, and keep beads and small parts of toys out of reach.

Poisoning

Keep medicines under lock and key (tablets can look like lollies to a young child), and store detergents, dishwasher powder and liquid and other household chemicals out of reach and preferably in a locked cupboard. Do not store household poisons in soft drink or fruit juice containers. Your toddler should travel in a Standards-approved toddler restraint in the back seat of the car. If your child can open the car door even while restrained, keep the door locked.

*3\90\8*

Our sexual diagnostic terms reflect this same psychology orientation. A NIMH study reported that virtually no family in the nation is free of mental disorders, and that up to sixty million Americans exhibit deviant mental behavior related to schizophrenia. The same thing that has happened to our sexual health has happened to our mental health. We have been declared statistically sexually ill. Masters and Johnson indicate that over half the couples in the United States have sexual problems, and they provided the terms that, with slight modifications by the American Psychiatric Association, are the new sexual-babble of our time.

Here is a system for formulating your own “diagnostic system” from the fourth perspective. “Talking it over” is much more important than “labeling it.”

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He should have married his mother. She ran his life, runs his life, and will always try to run our marriage if he lets her. If he would have married her, it would have saved time on gas and phone bills. ,

WIFE

American marriage is under constant bombardment by extraneous influences, as is clear from the MIM factor. Work, schools, hospitals, governmental agencies, family, and neighbors continually impinge on marriages, stretching them to provide for others what the marriage can not provide for the couple itself.

When daily living was not so anonymous, so computerized, mechanical, and fast-paced, marital and family life was free to respond more to the natural cycles of life, the changes within and among people. Now the American marriage is a socially reactive unit more than it is an intimate active relationship that governs itself.

A call from school, a computer-generated message, car phones that can even let you know if you were called while you left your car, all place us under the potential continued surveillance of others. We have become a “beeperized” culture, never really out of touch as long as a little tone reminds us that a person out there needs us more urgently than the person here with us now.

Parents live longer, so responsibilities in parenting parents as well as children have emerged. In those couples who had parents living, “parenting parents resulted in obligations, distractions,” and sometimes guilt that encroached on marriage. In-laws miles away affect the marriage, with recurring themes of conflict regarding who said or did not say what to whom or who did not attend what family function or did not call enough.

It is certainly not just obligation and distraction that invades the marriage, but difficulties finding a new relationship with parents and others once we are married. Extended families require a psychological maturity that few of us attain. Sometimes it takes all of our energy to be, as one husband put it ‘just civil’. We may unconsciously resent the fact that our time which our spouse takes away from the expiring time available for relating to our parents. How much of what is done for whom relates to guilt, fear of loss, and split between loving now and loving for the past.

*22\97\8*

This means that the air sacs are filled with fluid or thick secretions and cannot fulfil their function of exchanging gases between the blood and air.

There are pneumonias due to viruses of many types and there are the bacterial infections.

Lobar pneumonia, where one whole lobe or large segment of the lung is involved, was a more common illness than we now see. It often attacked the otherwise healthy person.

The patient was ill for many days and the high fever either settled suddenly (crisis) or the person died.

Complications were many and frequent and those who survived often were unable to work for many months.

This pneumonia is due to the pneumococcus, a germ which is sensitive to most antibiotics. Lobar pneumonia, if recognised and treated early, is no longer a serious threat.

It appears to be less common and this might be because of the wide use of antibiotics in minor respiratory infections.

*530/71/1*

Once the correct diagnosis has been made, correct treatment can be used.

If chronic purgative abuse is the cause, it can be difficult to correct.

One of the most important points in avoiding constipation is getting into the habit of emptying the bowel at the same time each day (or less frequently if this is normal for you). Following a meal, the gastro-colic reflex stimulates the bowel to act after some 10 to 15 minutes. This should not be ignored. Set a regular time each day and then try to keep to it. Increasing the bulk of one’s diet seems to regulate the bowel.

Laxatives are all right for acute constipation and may make life more comfortable when the condition is due to some temporary upset but it is not necessary to have “a good clean out every now and then.”

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